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Environmental Studies: Citing Sources

Departmental guide for Environmental Studies at Rollins. Includes links to guides for specific courses under the Course Guides tab.

What is a Citation?

A citation

  • describes a book, journal article, website, or other published item;
  • gives credit to the originator of an idea, thus preventing plagiarism;
  • enables the reader to retrieve the item you refer to;
  • includes the author, title, source (publisher and place of publication or URL), and date.

Why Cite?

Why should you cite your sources? 

  • To give credit to ideas that are not your own

  • To provide support for your argument (professor's love that!)

  • To enable your reader to find and read the sources you used -- this makes your research process transparent

  • To avoid Honor Code infractions and/or plagiarism!

What is a Citation?

A citation

  • describes a book, journal article, website, or other published item;
  • gives credit to the originator of an idea, thus preventing plagiarism;
  • enables the reader to retrieve the item you refer to;
  • includes the author, title, source (publisher and place of publication or URL), and date.

Citation Guides

There are quite a few different ways to cite resources in your paper. The citation style usually depends on the academic discipline involved. For example:

  • MLA style is typically used by the Humanities
  • APA style is often used by Education, Psychology, and Business.
  • Chicago/Turabian is generally used by History and some of the Fine Arts

Check with your professor to make sure you use the required style. Whatever style you use, be consistent! 

A great one-stop shopping resource is THE PURDUE OWL.  This has easy-to-follow examples of the major style guides.

The Chicago Manual of Style Online

How to Prepare MLA Citations

MLA Citation Rules for Primary Source Documents

How to Prepare APA Citations

Chicago Citation Rules for Primary Source Documents

Citation Tools

The Olin Library does not endorse or support any particular one of these, but we will assist you in configuring your chosen citation tool to work with our resources.

Zotero: A plug-in for Firefox, Chrome, and Safari; also available as a stand-alone Windows application.  Free, with additional storage available for purchase.

Mendeley: A desktop and web program that stores document PDFs. Free, with additional storage and premium features available for purchase. Mendeley is particularly strong working with articles in the sciences. 

EndNote: EndNote is the most elaborate and well-established citation management tool, with many advanced features. It must be purchased, and has a steeper learning curve than the other tools listed here.

Other citation formatting tools merely help you word your citations in the appropriate format (MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.). These tools are useful when you won’t need to return to your list of sources after completing an immediate project. 

Citation Machine: Free web tool for MLA and APA style citations.

EasyBib: Free MLA citation formatting, with APA and Chicago/Turabian formatting for a paid subscription.

NoodleBib: Part of Noodletools, a suite of tools for note-taking, outlining, and other writing tasks. Noodle tools requires a paid subscription, but has limited functionality with a free “MLAlite” account.

Definitions

A citation reflects all of the information a person would need to locate a particular source. For example, basic citation information for a book consists of name(s) of author(s) or editor(s), title of book, name of publisher, place of publication, and most recent copyright date.
 
A citation style dictates the information necessary for a citation and how the information is ordered, as well as punctuation and other formatting. 

A bibliography lists citations for all of the relevant resources a person consulted during his or her research.

In an annotated bibliography, each citation is followed by a brief note—or annotation—that describes and/or evaluates the source and the information found in it.

A works cited list presents citations for those sources referenced in a particular paper, presentation, or other composition.
 
An in-text citation consists of just enough information to correspond to a source's full citation in a Works Cited list. In-text citations often require a page number (or numbers) showing exactly where relevant information was found in the original source.

What is citation management?

Citation management tools allow you to download citations from databases and websites, and to store, organize, and format those citations.

These are good choices for large research projects with many sources, for ongoing research into an area of interest, and for any research where you want to save sources that you might wish to refer to at some point in the future